Mixture

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In chemistry, the mixture is a material consisting of two or more different substances that are mixed. The mixture refers to the physical combination of two or more substances in which the identity is maintained and mixed in the form of solutions, suspensions and colloids.

The mixture is either a mechanical mixing product or a mixture of chemicals such as elements and compounds, with no chemical bonds or other chemical changes, so that each material contains its own properties and chemical makeup. Although there is no chemical change in its constituents, the physical properties of the mixture, such as its melting point, may differ from its components. Some mixtures can be separated into their components by means of physical means (mechanical or thermal). Azeotropes are one of a kind mixtures that usually cause considerable difficulties regarding the separation process necessary to obtain their constituents (physical or chemical processes or, even mixtures of them).

Video Mixture

Mixed characteristics

The mixture can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. The homogeneous mixture is a mixture of compositions which are uniform and each part of the solution has the same properties. Examples of homogeneous mixtures include alloys and alcohols in water. Heterogeneous mixtures are a type of mixture in which components can be seen, because there are two or more phases present. One example of mixture is air. Air is a homogeneous mixture of gaseous substances of nitrogen, oxygen, and other substances. Salt, sugar, and many other substances dissolve in water to form a homogeneous mixture. A homogeneous mixture in which there are solutes and solvents is also a solution. The mixture can have any number of ingredients.

The following table shows the main characteristics of the three mixed families.

The following table shows examples of the three mixed types.

Maps Mixture

Physics and chemistry

Heterogeneous mixtures are mixtures of two or more chemicals (elements or compounds). Examples are: a mixture of sand and water or sand and iron dust, conglomerate, water and oil, salad servings, mixed traces, and concrete (not cement). The mixture of silver metal powder and gold metal powder will represent a mixture of two heterogeneous elements.

Making a distinction between a homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous is a matter of sampling scale. On a fairly rough scale, any mixture can be said to be homogeneous, if all articles are allowed to be counted as "samples" of it. On a fairly good scale, any mixture can be said to be heterogeneous, because the sample can be as small as a single molecule. In practical terms, if the desired property of the mixture is the same regardless of which sample is taken for the examination used, the mixture is homogeneous.

Teori sampling Gy secara kuantitatif mendefinisikan heterogenitas dari sebuah partikel sebagai:

${\ displaystyle h_ {i} = {\ frac {(c_ {i} -c _ {\ text {batch}}) m_ {i}} {c _ {\ text { batch}} m _ {\ text {aver}}}}.}  ÂÂ$

di mana ${\ displaystyle h_ {i}}  ÂÂ$ , ${\ displaystyle c_ {i}}  ÂÂ$ , ${\ displaystyle c _ {\ text {batch}}}  ÂÂ$ , ${\ displaystyle m_ {i}}  ÂÂ$ , dan ${\ displaystyle m _ {\ text {aver}}}  ÂÂ$ masing-masing: heterogenitas ${\ displaystyle i}  ÂÂ$ partikel dari populasi, konsentrasi massa dari properti yang diinginkan dalam ${\ displaystyle i}  ÂÂ$ partikel dari populasi, konsentrasi massa dari properti yang menarik dalam populasi, massa ${\ displaystyle i}  ÂÂ$ partikel th dalam populasi, dan massa rata-rata partikel dalam populasi.

During sampling of heterogeneous particle mixtures, the variance of sampling error is generally not zero.

where V is the variance of the sampling error, N is the number of particles in the population (before the sample is taken), q _i is the probability of including the particles i of the population in the sample (ie the first order inclusion probability of i th particles), m _i is the mass of particles i of the population and a _i is the mass concentration of the property of interest in the i particles of the population.

The above equation for the variance of sampling error is approximate based on the mass concentration linearization in the sample.

In Gy theory, a true sampling is defined as a sampling scenario where all particles have the same probability to be included in the sample. This implies that q _i no longer depends on i , and can therefore be replaced by the < > q . Gy equation for variance from sampling error to:

${\ displaystyle V = {\ frac {1-q} {qM _ {\ text {batch}} ^ {2}}} = 1} ^ {N} m_ {i} ^ {2} \ left (a_ {i} -a _ {\ text {batch}} \ right) ^ {2}.} Â Â$

where a _batch is the concentration of the property of interest in the population from which the sample will be drawn and M _batch is the mass the population from which the sample will be taken.

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References

• IUPAC, Chemical Terminology Summary , 2nd ed. ("The Golden Book") (1997). Online correction version: Ã, (2006-) "mixed".

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