Concord ( local ) is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, in the United States. In the 2010 census, the city's population was 17,668. The US Census Bureau considers Concord a part of Greater Boston. The city center is located near the meeting place of Sudbury and the Assabet River form the Concord River.
The area that became the town of Concord was originally known as Musketaquid , the Algonquian word for "grassy plains". It was one of the scenes of the Battle of Lexington and Concord, the initial conflict in the American Revolutionary War. It developed into a very rich literary center during the mid-nineteenth century. Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Amos Bronson Alcott, Louisa May Alcott and Henry David Thoreau, all of whose homes are well preserved in modern Concord. Concord wine is now-ubiquitous developed here.
Video Concord, Massachusetts
History
Prehistory and founding
The area that became the town of Concord was originally known as "Musketaquid", located at the confluence of the Sudbury and Assabet rivers. The name Musketaquid is the Algonquian word for "grassy plains", matching the lowland swamps and boiler holes. Native Americans have cultivated corn crops there; the rivers are rich with fish and the soil is fertile and fertile. However, the area was largely populated by smallpox outbreaks that swept across America after the arrival of Europeans.
In 1635, a group of British settlers led by Pdt. Peter Bulkeley and Major Simon Willard negotiated the purchase of land with the remains of local tribes. Bulkeley is an influential religious leader who "brings a large number of planters with him into the forest"; Willard is an astute trader who speaks Algonquian and has won the trust of Native Americans. They exchanged wampum, axes, knives, fabrics, and other useful items for the purchase of six square miles from Old Jethro, which formed a new city base, called "Concord" in recognition of a peaceful acquisition.
Battle of Lexington and Concord
The battle of Lexington and Concord was the first conflict in the American Revolutionary War. On April 19, 1775, an army of British troops moved from Boston to Concord to capture the reported weapons stored in the city. Warned by Samuel Prescott (who has received the news from Paul Revere), the colonists exert a resistance. After a battle in the morning in Lexington, where the first shot of the battle was fired, the British expedition under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith advanced to Concord. There, the colonists from Concord and the surrounding cities (especially the large-scale drilled company from Acton led by Isaac Davis) drove a British detachment on the Old North Bridge and forced the British troops to retreat. Subsequently, militia coming from across the region hit British troops as they returned to Boston, culminating in the Siege of Boston and the outbreak of war.
The battle was originally published by the colonists as an example of British brutality and aggression: one of the colonial sides denounced the "British Bloody Massacre." A century later, the conflict was remembered by Americans, taking patriotic status, almost mystical ("shots all over the world") in works like "Concord Hymn" and "Paul Revere's Ride." In 1894, the Lexington Historical Society petitioned the Massachusetts State Legislature to announce April 19th as "Lexington Day." Concord retaliated with "Concord Day." Governor Greenhalge chose a compromise: Patriot's Day. In April 1975, Concord held a celebration of two centuries of battle, featuring an address on the Old North Bridge by President Gerald Ford.
Literary History
Concord has a very rich literary history centered in the mid-nineteenth century around Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882), who moved to the city in 1835 and quickly became his most prominent citizen. Emerson, a successful lecturer and philosopher, has strong roots in the city: his father William William (1769-1811) grew up in Concord before becoming a prominent Boston minister, and his grandfather, William Emerson Sr., watched the battle at the North Bridge from his home, and then became a priest in the Continental Army. Emerson was at the center of a group of like-minded Transcendentalists living in Concord. Among them were writers Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) and the philosopher Amos Bronson Alcott (1799-1888), the father of Louisa May Alcott (1832-1888). A native of Concordian, Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862), was another member of the Emerson circle. This huge collection of literary talents in this small town led Henry James to dub Concord "the greatest little place in America."
Among the products of this intellectually stimulating environment are Emerson's many essays, including Independence (1841), Louisa May Alcott's Little Women (1868), and a collection of stories Hawthorne Lichen from Old Manse (1846). Thoreau is famous for living in a small cottage near Walden Pond, where he wrote Walden (1854). After being imprisoned in a Concord prison for refusing to pay taxes in political protests against slavery and the Mexican-American War, Thoreau wrote an influential essay "Resistance to the Civil Government", known as Civil Disobedience (1849). ). Proving their strong political beliefs through action, Thoreau and many of his neighbors served as station and agency heads on the Underground Railroad.
The Wayside, a house located on Lexington Road, has been home to a number of authors. It was occupied by scientist John Winthrop (1714-1779) when Harvard College was temporarily moved to Concord during the Revolutionary War. The Wayside then houses the Alcott family (referred to as "Hillside"); Alcotts sold it to Hawthorne in 1852, and his family moved to the nearby Orchard House in 1858. Hawthorne dubbed the "The Wayside" house and stayed there until his death. The house was purchased in 1883 by Boston publisher Daniel Lothrop and his wife, Harriett, who wrote the Five Little Peppers series and other children's books under the pen name Margaret Sidney. Today, The Wayside and Orchard House are museums. Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, and Alcotts are buried in Ridge Writers at Concord's Sleepy Hollow Cemetery.
20th century composer Charles Ives wrote the Concord Sonata (c 1904-15) as a series of impressionistic portraits of literary figures associated with the city. Concord maintains a literary culture that lives to this day; Famous writers who have been called town houses in recent years include Doris Kearns Goodwin, Alan Lightman, Robert B. Parker, and Gregory Maguire.
Wine Concord
In 1849, Ephraim Bull developed Concord wine everywhere at his home on Lexington Road, where the original vine is still growing. Welch's, the first company to sell grape juice, has its headquarters in Concord. Ephraim Wales Bull born in Boston develops Concord grapes by experimenting with seeds from several native species. On his farm outside Concord, on the road from Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne and Alcott, he planted 22,000 seeds, before he produced the ideal wine. Early maturation, to avoid the frost of northern snow, but with a rich, full-bodied, strong Concord grape thrives where European cuttings fail to survive. In 1853, Mr. Bull felt ready to put his first Concord wine bunch in public - and won a prize at the Boston Horticultural Exhibition Society. From this early arbors, Mr. Bull's fame ("the father of Concord wine") of Concord wine spread all over the world, bringing him up to $ 1,000 cuts, but he died as a relatively poor man. The inscription on his tombstone states, "He sows - others reap." http://www.concordgrape.org/bodyhistory.html
The ban on plastic bottles
On September 5, 2012, Concord became the first community in the United States to approve the ban on selling water in plastic bottles that serve once. The law prohibits the sale of one liter bottle of PET or less starting January 1, 2013. The ban triggered a significant national controversy. An editorial in the Los Angeles Times characterized the ban as "born of convoluted" and "false" reasoning. Some residents state that this ban will have little effect on the sale of bottled water, which is still very accessible in the surrounding area, and the belief that it restricts the freedom of consumer choice. Opponents also consider a ban to represent the unfair targeting of one product in particular, when other less healthy alternatives such as soda and fruit juices are still available in bottles. However, subsequent attempts to lift the bottled water bottle Concord have failed in open city meetings. Attempts to lift Concord's ban on the sale of plastic water bottles were convincingly defeated at the City Meeting. Resident Jean Hill, who led the initial battle for the ban, said, "I really felt at the age of 86 that I had actually accomplished something." City Moderator Eric Van Loon does not even want to take official counting because the opposition to the retraction is so extraordinary. It seems that more than 80 to 90 percent of 1,127 voters at city meetings raised their ballot papers against the size of repeal. The problem has ballooned in Concord for several years. In 2010, a ban approved by a town meeting, not written as a rule, was rejected by the state attorney general's office. In 2011, the new version of the ban narrowly failed at city meetings, with voting 265 to 272. The ban on selling bottled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles (PET) a year or less in 2012 with a voice of 403 to 364, April failed with 621-687 votes.
Maps Concord, Massachusetts
Geography
According to the US Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ​​25.9 square miles (67 km 2 ), where 24.9 square miles (64 km 2 ) is ground and 1.0 square miles (2.6 km 2 ), or 3.75%, is water. The town of Lowell is 13 miles (21 km) to the north, Boston is 19 miles (31 km) to the east, and Nashua, New Hampshire, 23 miles (37 km) to the north.
The state route of Massachusetts 2, 2A, 62, 126, 119, 111, and 117 passes Concord. The city center is located near the confluence of the Sudbury and Assabet rivers, forming the Concord River, which flows north to the Merrimack River at Lowell. Gunpowder was produced from 1835 to 1940 in the American Powder Mills complex that runs along the Assabet River.
Nearby city
Concord is located in eastern Massachusetts, bordering several cities:
Government
State and federal governments
At the federal level, Concord is part of Massachusetts's 3rd congress district, represented by Niki Tsongas. The senior member (Class I) of the state of the United States Senate is Elizabeth Warren. The junior senator (Class II) is Ed Markey.
Demographics
In the 2000 census, there were 16,993 people, 5,948 households and 4,437 families living in the city. Population density was 682.0 per square mile (263.3/km 2 ). There are 6,153 units of homes with an average density of 246.9 per square mile (95.3/km 2 ). City's racial makeup is 91.64% White, 2.24% African American, 0.09% Native American, 2.90% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Island, 2.12% of other races, and 0.99 % of two or more races. Hispanic or Latin of any race is 2.80% of the population.
There are 13,090 households where 37.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.5% are married couples living together, 7.2% have unmarried female households present, and 25.4% are not family. 22.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.4% had someone living alone 65 or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.08.
25.1% of the population is under 18 years of age, 4.2% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 28.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% 65 years or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 women, there are 100.3 males. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there are 101.8 men.
In 2013, the average household income was $ 129,960. About 2.1% of families and 3.9% of the population are below the poverty line, including 3.7% of those under the age of 18 and 3.3% of those aged 65 and older.
pronunciation
City names are usually spoken by the inhabitants as KONG -k? Rd in a way that is indistinguishable from the American pronunciation of "conquering".
Economy
Primary businessman
According to Comprehensive Comprehensive Annual Financial Report 2016, the main employers in the city are:
Transportation
Concord is featured in the 2012 video game Assassin's Creed 3 and the 2015 video game Fallout 4 . It was also featured in the 2003 racing sim NASCAR Racing 2003 Season, as the location of the Coca Cola Superspeedway fictional track.
See also
- List of Historic Historic Places of Interest in Concord, Massachusetts
References
Further reading
- 1871 Atlas Massachusetts . by Wall & amp; Gray. Map of Massachusetts. Map of Middlesex County.
- History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts , Volume 1 (A-H), Volume 2 (L-W) compiled by Samuel Adams Drake, published 1879-1880. 572 and 505 pages. Concord Articles by Rev. Grindall Reynolds in volume 1 page 380-405.
- Lemuel Shattuck (1835). The history of the town of Concord, Middlesex County, Massachusetts . Concord: John Stacy.
External links
- Concord City's official website
- Concord Public School System (including Concord-Carlisle district)
- Chamber of Commerce
- The Life of Concord, an Opportunity for Simple and Beautiful Living at Concord - Damon Street July/August 2017
- MCI-Concord, overview of Massachusetts - Concord Prisoner
- Concord's African American & amp; Map of the Abolitionist History of the Pumpkin Drink Project
- Travel Guide Concord (Massachusetts) from Wikivoyage
- Concord, Massachusetts in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments