Henna (Arabic: ??????? ?) is a dye made from , also known as despicable , henna tree , mignonette trees , and Egyptian private species of genus Lawsonia .
Henna can also refer to temporary body art resulting from dyeing of dyes (see also mehndi). Henna has been used since ancient times to color the skin, hair and nails, as well as fabrics including silk, wool and leather. Historically, boyfriends are used in the Arabian Peninsula, Indian subcontinent, near and Middle East, parts of Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe, Caucasus, Carthage, other parts of North Africa and the Horn of Africa. This name is used in other skin and hair dyes, such as black henna and neutral girlfriend , both of which are not derived from henna plants.
Video Henna
Etimologi
The English name "henna" comes from the Arabic ??????? ? (ALA-LC: ? Inn ?? ; pronounced [?? n'nÃÆ'Â| :?] ) or, everyday language ??? ?, loosely pronounced as /? inna/.
Maps Henna
Getting started and app
Body art
All the leaves of unbroken girlfriend will not stain the skin. Henna will not stain the skin until the lawone molecule is made available (released) from the leaves of the girlfriend. Dry henna leaves will stain the skin if they are crushed into a paste. The lawone will gradually migrate from the henna paste to the outer layer of the skin and bind to the protein inside, creating a quick stain.
Because it is difficult to form intricate patterns of crushed leaf, henna is usually traded as a powder made by drying, treating, and filtering leaves. Dry powder is mixed with one of a number of liquids, including water, lemon juice, or strong tea, and other ingredients, depending on the tradition. Many artists use sugar or molasses in pasta to improve consistency and stick to the skin better. Mixed girlfriends should rest for 1 to 48 hours before use, to release lawone from the leaves. The time depends on the result of the henna used. Essential oils with high levels of monoterpene alcohol, such as tea trees, cajeput, or lavender, will improve the characteristics of skin stains. Other essential oils, such as eucalyptus and cloves, are also useful but too irritating and should not be used on the skin.
Pasta can be applied with many traditional and innovative tools, starting with sticks or twigs. In Morocco, syringes are common. In India, plastic cones similar to those used for icing pipes to cookies are used. In the Western world, cones are common, such as Jacquard jars, which are otherwise used to paint silk fabrics. Light stains can be achieved within minutes, but the longer the stick is left on the skin, the darker and longer the color, so it should be left as long as possible. In order not to dry or fall from the skin, the paste is often covered by applying a mixture of sugar/lemon over a dry paste, or adding some form of sugar into the paste. After the dry paste time just brushed or scraped.
Henna's stain was orange when the first paste was removed, but it was dark for three days into a dark reddish brown. The palms and palms have the thickest skin layers and take the most laws, and bring them to the deepest depths, so that the hands and feet will have the darkest and most enduring stains. Some also believe that steaming or warming the henna pattern will darken the stain, either during outboard time still attached to the skin, or after the paste is removed. It is debatable whether this adds to the color of the end result as well. After the stain reaches its peak color, it lasts for several days, then gradually exhausts by way of exfoliation.
Hair dye
History
In Ancient Egypt, Ahmose-Henuttamehu (17th Dynasty, 1574 BC): Henuttamehu may be the daughter of Seqenenre Tao and Ahmose Inhapy. Smith reports that Henuttamehu's mummy of hair has been brightly colored on both sides, perhaps with a boyfriend.
In Europe, boyfriends are popular among women connected to the aesthetic movements and Pre-Raphael artists of England in the 1800s. Dante Gabriel Rossetti's wife and inspiration, Elizabeth Siddal, has natural red hair. Contrary to the cultural tradition in Britain that considers red hair unattractive, Pre-Raphael decorates red hair. Siddal is portrayed by Rossetti in many paintings that emphasize his flowing red hair. Other pre-Raphael, including Evelyn De Morgan and Frederick Sandys, academic classics such as Frederic Leighton, and French painters such as Gaston BussiÃÆ'¨re and Impressionist further popularized the henna-dyed and young bohemian hair associations.
Opera singer Adelina Patti is sometimes credited with popularizing the use of girlfriends in Europe in the late nineteenth century. Prostitute Paris Cora Pearl is often referred to as La Lune Rousse (red haired moon) because her dying red hair. In his memoirs, he recounted an incident when he colored his pet dog's fur to suit his own hair. In the 1950s, Lucille Ball popularized "henna rinse" as his character, Lucy Ricardo, called it on the television show I Love Lucy. It gained popularity among young people in the 1960s through a growing interest in Eastern cultures.
Muslim men may use henna as a hair dye and especially their beards. This is considered sunnah , the commendable tradition of Prophet Muhammad. Furthermore, a hadith (narrated by the Prophet) states that he encourages Muslim women to color their nails with boyfriends to show femininity and differentiate their hands with men. Thus, some Muslim women in the Middle East use girlfriends for their fingers and toenails as well as their hands.
Today
Henna commercial packaging, intended for use as a cosmetic hair dye, is available in many countries, and is now popular in India, as well as the Middle East, Europe, Australia, Canada and the United States. The colors resulting from dying with henna depend on the original color of the hair, as well as the quality of the henna, and can range from orange to red to burgundy. Henna can be mixed with other natural hair dyes including Cassia obovata for a lighter color than red or even blonde, or with indigo to achieve a brown and black shades. Some products are sold as "girlfriends" including other natural dyes. Others may include metal salts that can interact with other chemical treatments, or oils and candles that can inhibit dyes, or dyes that may be allergens.
The tradition of henna as body art
Different words for girlfriends in the ancient language imply that it has more than one point of discovery and origin, as well as different paths of daily and ceremonial use.
Henna has been used to decorate the body of young women as part of social and holiday celebrations since the late Bronze Age in the eastern Mediterranean. The earliest texts that mention the boyfriend in the context of marriage and fertility celebrations come from the Ugaritic legends of Baal and Anath, who have references to women who marked themselves with boyfriends in preparation for meeting their husbands, and Anath adorns with boyfriends to celebrate victories over Baal's enemies. The wall paintings unearthed in Akrotiri (dated before the eruption of Thera in 1680 BC) show women with signs consistent with the henna on their nails, palms and soles, in a tablo consistent with the description of the bride's boyfriend from Ugarit. Many statues of young women aged between 1500 and 500 BC along the Mediterranean coastline have raised their hands with a consistent mark with the boyfriend. The initial relationship between young women, fertile and girlfriends seems to be the origin of the Henna Night, which is now celebrated throughout the world.
The Night of the Henna is celebrated by most of the groups in areas where henna grows naturally: Jews, Muslims, Sikhs, Hindus, Christians and Zoroastrians, among other things, all marriages are celebrated and weddings by decorating the bride and groom, with boyfriends.
In the growing areas of henna, Purim, Idul Fitri, Diwali, Karva Chauth, Passover, Nowruz, Mawlid, and most saints are celebrated with several girlfriends. Favorite horses, donkeys, and painters have their nails, claws and tail. Battle of victory, birth, circumcision, birthday, Z? R, as well as weddings, usually including some girlfriends as part of the celebration. Night girlfriend brides remain an important habit in many of these areas, especially among traditional families.
Henna is considered to have a Barakah ("blessing"), and is applied to luck and joy and beauty. Brides usually have the most boyfriends, and the most complicated patterns, to support their greatest joy and hope for good luck. Some bridal traditions are very complex, like in Yemen, where the Jewish bridegroom process takes four or five days to complete, with many applications and refusing to work.
Fashion "Bridal Mehndi" in Pakistan, Bangladesh, Northern Libya and in Northern India The diaspora is currently expanding in complexity and elaboration, with new innovations in glitter, gilding, and fine line work. Recent technological innovations in scouring, sifting, temperature control, and henna packaging, as well as government encouragement for henna cultivation, have increased the dye content and artistic potential for boyfriends.
Although traditional henna artists are Nai caste in India, and barbering caste in other countries (lower social class), talented contemporary henna artists can charge high fees for their work. Women in countries where women are prohibited from working outside the home can find jobs that are socially beneficial, doing henna. Morocco, Mauritania, Yemen, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, United Arab Emirates, India and many other countries have developed girlfriend business. This business is often open all night for Eid, Diwali and Karva Chauth. Many women can work together during large weddings, where hundreds of guests have henna applied to their body parts. This special event at the wedding is known as the Mehndi or Mehndi Festival, and is mainly held for brides.
Territory
Night girlfriend bride is a popular tradition in North Africa, Horn of Africa, Southeast Asia, Arabian Peninsula, Near East and South Asia.
Egypt
In Egypt, Henna is an ancient tradition practiced among women on various occasions. At the wedding, all the women gathered on the night before the big day and began to have a picture of Egyptian Henna all over their hands and then on foot but with lower levels. Egyptian women also use Henna in different colors as a natural and healthy way to dye their hair, because locally made Henna is used to smooth hair too.
Algeria
In Algeria, the mother-in-law of the bride has traditionally presented jewelry and portrayed henna in her hands.
Morocco
In Morocco, henna is applied to the hands and feet of the bride during the henna ceremony, before marriage. Her hands are then wrapped in cotton and sprinkled with rose water. The hand wrapping allows the henna to be set to a deep red color. Most of the women in the bride and groom's family will in turn have a boyfriend who applied in their hands with less extensive work. Henna is used by women of all ages with ceremonies or decorations.
India
In India, as part of Hindu and Sikh weddings, henna is applied during the wedding ceremony. Traditionally it is considered that the darker the girlfriend in the bride's hand, the more powerful her husband will love her. This is an important part of many Hindu festivals (such as Karva Chauth and Diwali), as well as during Eid al-Fitr. It is widely used in the southern Indian state of Kerala, especially during Muslim weddings. This is a common practice among the Indians, especially the elderly, to color their hair using a boyfriend.
Bangladesh and Pakistan
In Bangladesh, boyfriends are used in hands and feet by brides before their marriage, and by many women for Eid and Eid al-Adha. Often female friends and relatives of the groom design or choose designs for bridal hands and feet. It is also used by men to color their hair. This also happened in Pakistan.
Singapore and Malaysia
In Malaysia, a girlfriend is used to decorate the palms, hands and feet of women as part of the pre-wedding celebrations, Idul Fitri and Eid al-Adha. Often, a girlfriend may be called 'Berinai'. Each bride has their hands stained, but in the trio of the ceremony. The first is three days before the wedding, the second in two days before the wedding and the third which is usually held three days after the wedding. Singapore has the same tradition.
Israel
In Israel, many communities and families of Sephardic, Mizrahi, and the Middle East sometimes choose to hold a henna party about a week before the wedding. The henna party is smaller than marriage, because only the closer friends and family members are invited. The bride wore traditional costumes, as did some of the main guests. There are many dances and music, especially when the girlfriend is taken out. Henna is usually served in a deep dish with candles burning in it and carried by the grandmother. He applies the henna to the palm of the groom's hands and they are blessed. Next, the guests color their palms with henna as well. There are variations in the customs and clothing between different Sephardic, Mizrahi and Arab Muslim communities (such as the Yemeni, Moroccan and Jordanian communities).
Somalia
In Somalia, boyfriends are worn by Somali women in their hands, arms, legs and necks during weddings, Idul Fitri, Ramadan, and other celebration events. The design of the Somali henna is similar to that of the Arabian peninsula, often featuring floral patterns and triangular shapes. The palms are also often decorated with henna points and fingertips dipped in dye. Henna's party is usually held before the wedding takes place.
Tunisia
In Tunisia, the prenuptial henna celebration lasts seven days. On the third day, the bride wore a traditional dress and had a henna painted on her hands and feet. The groom's little finger is painted with a boyfriend on the sixth day.
Turkish
In Turkey, boyfriends are sold in shops and markets, such as the Spice Bazaar in Istanbul. It is applied to the bride's palms the day before her wedding and to the guests. Until recent years it was used in rural areas as a hair color by older women.
Health effects
Henna is known to be harmful to people with a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD deficiency), which is more common in men than women. Infants and children from certain ethnic groups, especially from the Middle East and North Africa, are particularly vulnerable. Although user accounts cite some other negative effects of natural henna paste, except for occasional allergic reactions, pre-mixed body art pasta may have ingredients added to dark stains, or to change stain color. The health risks involved in pre-mixed pastes can be significant. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers this risk an adulterer and is therefore illegal for use on the skin. Some pastas have been noted including: silver nitrate, carmine, pyrogallol, disperse orange dye, and chromium. It has been found to cause allergic reactions, chronic inflammatory reactions, or slow allergen reactions to hair styling products and textile dyes.
Rule
The US FDA has not yet approved henna for applications directly to the skin. Nonetheless, it is categorized as a hair dye, and can only be imported for that purpose. Henna imported into the US that seems to be used as body art is the target of foreclosure, but prosecution is rare.
Variety
Henna natural
Natural Henna produces rich red brown stains that can darken in the days after they are first applied. Sometimes referred to as a "red boyfriend" to distinguish it from products sold as "black girlfriends" or "neutral boyfriends" may not actually contain boyfriends, but instead be made from plants or other dyes.
Henna is neutral
Neutral henna does not change hair color. This is not a boyfriend powder; usually the plant powder Senna italica (often called synonym Cassia obovata or closely related Cassia and Senna species.
black henna
black Henna powder may be derived from indigo (from Indigofera tinctoria plants). It can also contain unregistered dyes and chemicals such as para -phenylenediamine (PPD), which can tarnish blacks quickly, but can cause severe allergic reactions and permanent scarring if left for more from 2-3 days.. The FDA specifically prohibits PPD used for this purpose, and can prosecute those who produce black girlfriends. Artists who injure clients with black boyfriends in the US can be sued for damages.
The name emerged from the import of vegetable hair dyes to the West at the end of the 19th century. Partially fermented, dried indigo is called black henna as it can be used in combination with a girlfriend to dye black hair. This raises the belief that there is a black henna that can color blacks. Indigo will not color blacks. Photographs of indigenous peoples with black body art (either alkalized henna or from other sources) also provide confidence that there is a black henna.
para -Phenylenediamine
In the 1990s, henna artists in Africa, India, Bali, the Arabian Peninsula and the West began experimenting with PPD-based black hair dyes, applying them as thick pastes as they would apply boyfriends, in an attempt to find something that would quickly create temporary colored body art black. PPD can cause severe allergic reactions, with blisters, intense itching, permanent scarring, and permanent chemical susceptibility. Estimates of allergic reactions range from 3% and 15%. Henna did not cause this injury. Black Henna made with PPD can cause lifetime sensitization of coal tar derivatives while black henna made with gasoline, kerosene, lighter fluid, paint thinner, and benzene have been linked to adult leukemia.
The most serious health consequences of having a tattoo while black henna is the sensitization for hair dye and related chemicals. If a person has a black henna tattoo and then dye their hair with chemical hair dye, allergic reactions can be life-threatening and require hospitalization. Due to the epidemic of a PPD allergy reaction, chemical hair coloring products are now posting a warning on the label: "Temporary black henna tattoos can increase the risk of allergies Do not dye your hair if: - You have experienced reactions to black tattoo henna in the past.
PPD is illegal for use on the skin in western countries, although its enforcement is difficult. Doctors have urged the government to make laws against black boyfriends because of the frequency and severity of injuries, especially for children. To help vendors prosecute, government agencies encourage citizens to report injuries and illegal use of black girlfriends PPD. When used in hair dye, the amount of PPD should be below 6%, and application instructions warn that the dye should not touch the scalp and should be rinsed quickly. Black henna paste has a percentage of PPD from 10% to 80%, and is left on the skin for half an hour.
The use of black PPD boyfriends is widespread, especially in tourist areas. Because the blistering reaction comes 3 to 12 days after application, most travelers have left and have not returned to show how much damage the artist has done. This allows artists to continue to harm others, without realizing they are causing serious injuries. The high profit margin of black boyfriends and the demand for body art that emulates "tribal tattoos" further encourages artists to deny the danger.
It is not difficult to recognize and avoid black PPD henna:
- if the pasta stains the skin on black torso in less than ½ hour, it has PPD in it.
- if the paste is mixed with peroxide, or if the peroxide is removed above the design to remove the color, it has PPD in it.
Anyone who has an itchy reaction and blisters on a black body stain should go to the doctor, and report that they already have a PPD app for their skin.
Sensitivity of PPD for life. Someone who has become sensitized through black henna tattoos may have future allergic reactions to perfumes, printer inks, chemical hair dyes, textile dyes, photographic developers, sunscreen and some medications. A person who has had a black henna tattoo should consult their physician about the health consequences of PPD sensitization.
See also
- Achiote (urucum, annatto), another plant that stains orange-red skin
- Genipapo, a plant that colored blue-and-black skin
References
Bacaan lebih lanjut
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Semwal, Ruchi Badoni; Semwal, Deepak Kumar; Combrinck, Sandra (Agustus 2014). "Lawsonia inermis L. (pacar): Aspek etnobotani, fitokimia dan farmakologi". Jurnal Etnofarmakologi . 155 (1): 80-103. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.042. PMIDÂ 24886774 Â
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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