The Border Collie is a type of dog that works and shepherd developed in the Anglo-Scottish border region to herd cattle, especially sheep. It is specially bred for intelligence and obedience.
Considered highly intelligent, highly energetic, acrobatic and athletic, they often compete with great success in the experiments of dog shepherds and dog sports. They are often referred to as the most intelligent domestic dogs. Border Collies continue to be used in their traditional work of grazing cattle around the world.
Video Border Collie
Description
In general, Border Collies are medium-sized dogs with the number of medium coats, most often thick and often. They have multiple layers that vary from smooth to rough and sometimes curled up. While black and white are the most commonly seen color patterns of Border Collie, the breed appears in almost any color and pattern that is known to occur in dogs. Some of them include black tricolor (black/tan/white), heart and white, and red tricolor (red/tan/white) which has also been seen regularly, and other colors like blue, purple, red merle, blue merle, , and red Australia (also known as red ee, blond, red recessive, or gold) are seen less frequently. Some Border Collies may also have a one color coat.
Eye color varies from brown to blue, and sometimes different colored eyes occur; this is usually seen with achievement. Border Collie ears also vary - some have fully erect ears, some completely falling ears, and other semi-erect ears (similar to Collie's rough ears). Although the working Border Collie guards sometimes have superstitions about the appearance of their dogs (handlers can avoid most white dogs because of the unfounded idea that sheep will not respect white dogs or almost any white dog), in general, the American Border Collie Association considers the appearance dogs become irrelevant. Instead, it is considered more useful to identify the Collie Border that works based on its attitudes and abilities.
The dogs raised for the show are more homogeneous in appearance compared to the working Border Collies, because to win the conformation shows that they must adapt strictly to develop specific club standards on many points of structure, coat, and color. The Kennel club determines, for example, that the Border Collie must have a "sharp and intelligent" expression, and that the preferred eye color is dark brown. In honor of the origin of the dog's work, the scars and broken teeth received on the task line will not be counted against the Border Collie in the event ring. The male height of the withers is from 48 to 56 centimeters (19 to 22 inches), females from 46 to 53 cm (18 to 21 inches).
Maps Border Collie
Temperament and needs
Border Collies requires much more physical exercise and mental stimulation than many other breeds. The Border Collie is widely regarded as the most intelligent breed of dog. Although the main role of Border Collie is to shepherd the cattle, the breed is becoming increasingly popular as a companion animal.
In this role, due to their work heritage, Border Collies is very demanding, playful, and energetic. They thrive best in households that can give them lots of games and exercises, either with humans or other dogs. Due to their demanding personalities and the need for mental stimulation and training, many Border Collies develop problematic behaviors in households that are unable to meet their needs. They are famous for chewing holes in walls and furniture, and scratching the ravages and digging holes, out of boredom. Border Collies may indicate a strong desire to shepherd, a trait they can show with small children, cats, and other dogs. This herding trait is deliberately driven, as in dogs where Border Collie is developed, with selective breeding for generations. However, because they can be trained well, they can live peacefully with other pets if given appropriate socialization training.
The American Border Collie Association recommends that potential owners, prior to taking breeds as family pets, should ensure that they can provide regular exercise commensurate with high energy and exceptional stamina. A working collie can travel for miles a day, using experience, personality and intelligence to control challenging animals. These dogs will become depressed and frustrated if left in isolation, ignored or inactive. Like many working breeds, Border Collies can be sensitive to movement and may pursue moving vehicles and bicycles, but this behavior can be modified by training. Some of the more difficult behaviors require patience, as they flourish and may disappear when the dog matures.
Health
Life span
The natural age of the Border Collie is between 10 and 14 years, with an average period of 12 years. The average length of breeds of the same size is usually 12 to 13 years.
The main causes of death were cancer (23.6%), old age (17.9%) and cerebral vascular pain (9.4%).
General health issues
Collie eye anomaly (CEA) and epilepsy are considered to be the main genetic disease of concern to the current breed. CEA is a congenital innate disease involving the retina, the choroid, and the sclera that sometimes affects the Border Collies. In Border Collies, it is generally a mild disease and rarely interferes with vision significantly. However, other eye conditions such as PRA slowly shrink the retina and can cause Border Collies to lose almost all of their night vision that can develop into complete daytime blindness. There are now DNA tests available for CEA and, through their use, breeders can ensure that they will not produce affected children. There are different types of hip testing available including OFA (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals) and PennHip. Radiographs are taken and sent to these organizations to determine the quality of the dog's hips and elbows.
Two types of hearing loss occur in offspring. The first type is associated pigment and is found in the Border Collie puppies, although puppies can experience innate sensorineural deafness as well. The second type is known as adult onset hearing loss. These dogs have a normal hearing brain stem response test as a puppy but gradually lose their hearing some time between one and eight years. A study is being conducted at The Translational Genomics Research Institute to identify the genetic causes of adult-onset hearing loss in breeds.
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is a rare but serious disease that is limited to showing Border Collies. NCL causes severe neurological damage and premature death; dogs infected rarely survive beyond the age of two years. The mutations that led to the form of the disease found in Border Collies were identified by Scott Melville in Dr. laboratories. Alan Wilton from the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales. There is no treatment or cure, but DNA testing is now available to detect operators as well as affected dogs.
Trapped Neutrophil Syndrome (TNS) is a hereditary disease in which the bone marrow produces neutrophils (white cells) but can not effectively release them into the bloodstream. Puppies are affected by immune system disorders and eventually die from infections they can not fight. Mutations responsible for TNS have been found in Border Collies in British working dogs, in dogs originating from Australia and New Zealand, and unrelated Australian worker dogs. This shows that the gene is widespread and perhaps as old as the generation itself. TNS was identified by Jeremy Shearman in Dr. laboratory. Alan Wilton from the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales. There is no cure, but DNA testing is now available to detect operators as well as affected dogs.
Other diseases that are found to be less common include glaucoma, juvenile cataract, osteochondritis, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus and canine cyclic neutropaenia, carpal soft tissue injury. The seizure syndrome induced by exercise similar to that seen in Labrador Taking (otherwise called Border Collie Collapse) and triggered by the collapse episodes associated with intense periods of exercise has been described in Border Collies in North America, Europe and Australia; and is currently the subject of further investigation.
Elbow dysplasia can also occur in breeds. Homozygous dogs for the merle gene, sometimes referred to as "double merles", tend to have ocular and/or hearing defects.
History
The Border Collie is descended from the collop landrace, a species found extensively in the British Isles. The name for this type comes from its original place along the Anglo-Scottish border. Mention the type "Collie" or "Colley" first appeared towards the end of the 19th century, although the word "collie" is older than this and comes from Scottish. It is also considered that the word 'collie' comes from the old Celtic word for useful. Many of the best Border Collies today can be traced back to a dog known as Old Hemp.
In 1915, James Reid, Secretary of the Society of International Sheep Dogs (ISDS) in the UK first used the term "Border Collie" to distinguish dogs listed by ISDS from the Collie Kennel Club (or Scotch Collie, including Rough Collie and Smooth Collie) originally derived from the same stock of work but has developed a different and standardized appearance after the introduction to the exhibition ring in 1860 and mixed with various breeds.
Old Hemp
Rami Tua, a tricolor dog, was born in Northumberland in September 1893 and died in May 1901. He was raised by Adam Telfer of Roy, a black and brown dog, and Meg, a black dog, with strong eyes. Hemp is a calm and strong dog that can be easily addressed by sheep. Many shepherds use him as a stud and the work style of Hemp becomes a Border Collie style. All Pure Border Pigs that live today can trace the ancestral line back to Old Hemp.
Wiston hat
Wiston Cap (born 28 September 1963) is a dog symbolized by the International Sheep Dog (ISDS) in a typical Border Collie pose. He is a popular stud dog in the history of the breed, and his lineage can be seen in most of the modern Collie lineages. Raised by W. S. Hetherington and trained and handled by John Richardson, Cap is a dog that can be negotiable and friendly. The bloodline is all traces back to the initial registered dog from the stud book, and to J. M. Wilson's Cap, whose name occurs 16 times in seven generations in its genealogy. Wiston Cap employs three Top Rows and is a grand-sire of three others, one of whom is Bill E. W. Edwards, who won the championship twice.
Introduction to New Zealand and Australia
Collies were registered as imports to New Zealand in early 1858, but the species was not specified. In the late 1890s James Lilico (1861? -1945) from Christchurch, New Zealand, imported a number of working dogs from England. These include Hindhope Jed, blacks, browns and whites born in Hindhope, Scotland in 1895, as well as Maudie, Moss of Ancrum, Ness and Old Bob.
It is not clear whether Hindhope Jed is of Old Hemp ancestry. Born two years after him, he was mentioned in the English Hunters and Huntsman article about Mr. John Elliot of Jedburgh:
Mr. Elliot himself is famous for his Collies breeds. His father gave Noble to the late Queen Victoria and from our subject that McLeod got Hindhope Jed, now the champion of New Zealand and Australia.
At the time of his departure to New Zealand, Hindhope Jed had become a puppy for Captain , one of the new "Border" strains. Hindhope Jed has won three trials in his native Scotland, and is considered "the best to cross the equator".
In 1901, King and Mcleod stud, created by Charles Beechworth King (b.1855, Murrumbidgee, NSW), his brother and Alec McLeod at Canonbar, near Nyngan (northwest Sydney), brought Hindhope Jed to Australia, where he enjoyed success great in sheep dog experiments.
Standard breed
There are two types of tests, or standards, to determine the quality of breeding from Border Collie: the experiment and appearance of a genuine ISDS hunting dog.
ISDB sheepdog experiment
The original test is an ISDS shepherd experiment. Until now still in use, where dogs and handlers gather groups of cattle and move them quietly around the course. There are certain standard elements for this test depending on the level: national or international. For both levels, sheep should be collected as calmly as possible without feeling depressed. For national competitions, it is usually held between England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, a test run over 400 meters. The international course uses a 400-yard course for qualifying trials, but on the third and final day, trials are held within 800 yards. The international test involves "double-taking", in which shepherd dogs must collect 10 sheep from a distance of 800 yards, take them at an angle to the center of the field, and then sent back in the other direction to collect 10 other sheep, also placed 800 meters from the handler. Five of the 20 sheep will have collars on, and at the end of the triangle drive, the sheep are gathered into a circle of "slicing rings" and 15 unbridled sheep are expelled when five collared sheep are kept in the ring and then written. Sheep dogs should be directed through obstacles at different distances from the handler, and then the dog must demonstrate the ability to do a close job of writing down the sheep and sorting them out.
Appearance
In almost every region of the world, Border Collie is now also a breed that is featured in the ring or bench arena. For people participating in these events, Border Collie is defined by breed standards, which is a description of how dogs should look. In New Zealand and Australia, where the breed has been shown in most of the twentieth century, the Border Collie standard has resulted in dogs with longer double layers (smooth coat allowed), soft dark eyes, slightly longer body than hearing height clear, semi-pricked ears, and a gentle and friendly temperament. This Border Collie style has become popular in winning cage performances around the world, as well as among prestigious judges. The breed standard states that the tail should be slightly curved and should stop at the club. Feathers should be fertile. It should show a good expression in his eyes, and should be smart. It's energetic with the most frequent black and white coat (sometimes brown). It must have a very strong herding instinct.
Far from breed standards, short-haired border collie variants are also found, offering the inmates a less demanding task of clearing hair year-round. Crossing collies with German Shepherd dogs produce a powerful, medium-sized smart hybrid, popularly called "shollie", used as a worker's dog with cattle and as animal companions.
Critics of dog show based on appearance
Other enthusiasts oppose the use of Border Collies as a show dog, for fear that breeding for appearance will lead to a decrease in the properties of breeding worker dogs. Some Border Border handlers who work participate in conformational exhibitions, as worker dogs are raised with performance standards rather than performance standards. Likewise, dogs raised with conformations are rarely seen in sheep pastime experiments, except at events sponsored by the Kennel Club. Dogs registered with registration that work or based on conformations are seen in other performance events such as agility, obedience, tracking or flyball; However, these dogs do not always match the dog's appearance standards as close as the dogs shown on the breed rings because these are not requirements in performance events, nor do they always participate in shepherding activities.
Registries
United Kingdom
In the UK, there are two separate registrars for Border Collies. International Sheep Dog Society encourages developers to drive capabilities, while Kennel Club (UK) encourages breeding for standard appearances. The ISDS registry is much older than both, and ISDS dogs are eligible for registration as a Border Collies pedigree with Kennel Club (KC) - but not vice versa. The only way to Border Collie without the ISDS pedigree to be added to the ISDS registry is to prove its value as a sheepdog so it can be Registered in Merit (ROM).
United States
One of the major registries for Border Collies in the United States is the American Border Collie Association (ABCA), dedicated to the preservation of traditional working dogs. This breed was also recognized in 1995 by the American Kennel Club (AKC) after occupying the AKC Miscellaneous Class for more than 50 years. The admission received protests from the majority of Border Collie affiliated groups, such as the United States Border Club, who felt that the emphasis on the skills of this breed would be lost under AKC recognition. AKC registrations have increased gradually since recognition and in 2004 there were 1,984 new AKC registrations from Border Collies, with 2,337 more for 2005. In contrast, the American Border Collie Association registers about 20,000 Border Collies annually. Due to the inherent tension between breeding goals for standard work and performance standards, the American Border Collie Association voted in 2003 that dogs that reached the conformational championship would be excluded from the ABCA registry, regardless of their ability. Cross-registration is allowed between applicants who work, and the AKC accepts dogs registered with ABCA and NASDS, but none of the registers working in the US honor the AKC pedigree.
Australia
In Australia, the Border Collies are registered with a state control entity affiliated with the Australian National Kennel Council (ANKC) or with a working dog registration. Between 2,011 and 2,701 ANKC pedigreed Border Collies has been registered with ANKC annually since 1986. Inclusion on ANKC's main affiliate list allows Border Collies to compete in ANKC-supported conformations, compliance, agility, tracking, shepherding, and other events hosted by ANKC affiliated club, while the inclusion on the restricted list prohibits entry in conformational events. ANKC provides breed standards; However, this only applies to conformational events and has no effect on dogs that are included in performance events. Dogs that are not registered in ANKC may also qualify for inclusion in ANKC or sports counterparts and may compete in ANKC or grazing shows. Agility organizations such as the Agility Dog Association of Australia (ADAA) have their own registry that allows entry of any dog ​​who wants to compete in their event.
Canada
In Canada, Canadian Agriculture has recognized the Canadian Border Collie Association as a registry based on the Animal Pedigree Act for every Border Collie set up as "Pure Birth" in Canada.
The criteria used are based on genealogy leads rather than appearance. This is a two-tier registry where imported dogs that are registered with a foreign Kennel Club that hold conformational events are granted "B" registrations, while those coming directly from other work logs are placed in the "A" registry.
Recently, the Canadian Kennel Club has polled its members to decide whether Border Collies should be included in the CKC "Miscellaneous" List. This appointment will allow Border Collie owners the ability to compete in all CKC events, but CKC will not be a registration agency. People who compete in performance events support the move. CBCA opposes this appointment.
South Africa
Registration of sheep dogs working in South Africa is the responsibility of the South African Shepherd Dogs Association. The registered dog ISDS imported into the country can be transferred to the SASDA register. Unregistered dogs may qualify for registration with a certificate of ability to work by a registered judge. Sometimes they will facilitate the testing of dogs used for breeding, for hip dysplasia and Collie's eye anomalies, to encourage the breeding of this flawless, genetic dog.
Turkish
Working Border Registration in Turkey is the border province of Collie Dernegi (Turkish Border Association) established in 2007.
Elsewhere
The Border Collie breed is also recognized as the main sheep dog by the International Stock Dog Federation (ISDF), based in Piccadilly, London, England.
Activity
Border Collies is one of the most popular breeds for dogs agility competitions. They also excel in competitive compliance, showmanship, flyball, tracking, and forest dog trials from USBCHA Sheepdog and drive events.
Livestock work
Working Border Collies can take direction by voice and by whistling at long distances when herding. Great energy and their herding instinct is still used to herd all kinds of animals, from traditional sheep and livestock, to free poultry, pigs, and ostriches. They are also used to remove unwanted wild birds from airport runways, golf courses, and other public and private areas.
The use of dogs to herd the sheep makes a good economy for many farmers. In a typical grassland setting each trained shepherd dog will do the work of three humans. In very dry areas such as Outback Australia or Karoo Escarpment, the number increases to five or more. Attempts to replace it with a mechanical approach to shepherding only achieve a limited number of successes. Thus, stock handlers find trained dogs more reliable and economical.
Shepherds in England have taken the most important elements of shepherding and put them into experimental shepherd dogs. The first recorded experimental dog enclosure was held in Bala, North Wales, in 1873. The competition allowed farmers and herdsmen to evaluate possible pairs for their worker dogs, but they have developed a sporting aspect as well, with competitors from outside the agricultural community also taking part.
In the US, the national sanctioning body for this competition is USBCHA. In the UK, it is the International Sheep Dog Society, in Canada, the Canadian Border Association (CBCA) and in South Africa the South African Shepherd Dogs Association.
Dog sports
Border Collies excel at some dog sports in addition to their success in sheep dog experiments. Due to the high herding instinct, they are very good at this sport. Herding instincts and trainability can be tested when introduced to sheep or on noncompetitive instinct tests. Border Collies that demonstrate basic shepherding instincts can be trained to compete in trials of shepherd dogs and other grazing events. They perform well at high jumping altitudes in dog agility competitions, so much so that in the UK, competitions often include classes for the ABC dog, "Anything But Collies".
The speed, agility, and stamina of Border Collie have allowed them to dominate in dog activities such as sled competitions and dog discs. Their training ability also gives them a place in dog dancing competitions.
Border Collies have a very evolving sense of smell and with a high boost they make excellent tracking dogs and are easily motivated for the Tracking trials. This trial simulates the findings of missing people in controlled situations in which the performance of the dog can be evaluated, with titles given for successful dogs.
Notable Border Collies
- Rico, learned to recognize up to 200 objects by name. Another Border Collie, Betsy, was found to have a vocabulary of over 300 words.
- In 2010, Border Collie Chaser has a 1022 word vocabulary and is able to recognize objects based on existing groups.
- Shep, who is a long-term companion to John Noakes of the BBC Blue Peter and Meg, Matt Baker's companion, former presenter of the same event.
- The striker, who is the current Guinness World Record holder for "Car Fastest Window Opened by Dog" at 11.34 seconds.
- Jean, also known as the Vitagraph Dog, which is the first dog movie star (owned and trained by Laurence Trimble)
- Rex and Fly are two Border Collies who appeared in the 1995 Academy Award-winning film, Babe and, in part, in the sequel Babe: Pig in the City .
- Bandit, the wild Scottish Border Collie from the Little House on the Prairie TV series is Laura Ingalls' second dog on the show.
See also
- Rough Collie
- Smooth Collie
- Cumberland Sheepdog
- The McNab Dog
- Welsh Sheep Dog
- English Shepherd
- Shetland Sheepdog
- Australian Shepherd
References
External links
- Border Collie in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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