The Australian Cattle Dog ( ACD ), or just Animal Dog , is the kind of herding dog originally developed in Australia to herd cattle for long distances in rough terrain. This breed is a medium-sized, short-layered dog that occurs in two main colors. It has brown or black hair that is distributed evenly through a white coat, which gives the appearance of a "red" or "blue" dog.
Like dogs from other work breeds, Australian Beef Dog is energetic and intelligent with independent streaks. It responds to well-structured training, especially if it's interesting and challenging. It was originally bred to bite by biting, and was known to bite the children who ran. This establishes a strong attachment to the owner, and can protect them and their possessions. It's easy to maintain and maintain, requires a little more than brushing during the shedding period. The most common health problems are deafness and progressive blindness (both hereditary conditions) and accidental injuries; if not, this is a strong race with a period of 12 to 14 years.
In the 19th century, New South Wales cattle rancher Thomas Hall crossed the dogs used by drovers in his parents' Northumberland with dogs he had tamed. The dogs produced are known as Halls Heelers. After Hall's death in 1870, the dogs became available outside the Balai family and their colleagues. They were then developed into two modern races: Australian Beef Dog and Australian Tailed Beef Dog. Robert Kaleski, who wrote the first standard for this breed, was very influential in its development.
The Australian Beef Dog has been nicknamed "Red Heeler" or "Blue Heeler" on the basis of coloring and practice of moving cattle that are reluctant to bite their heels. The dogs of the raised line in Queensland, Australia, who were successful at the show and in studs in the 1940s, were called "Queensland Heelers" to distinguish them from lines raised in New South Wales; This nickname is now sometimes applied to any Australian Cattle Dog.
Video Australian Cattle Dog
Characteristics
Appearance
Australian Beef Dog is a sturdy, muscular, compact dog that gives the impression of agility and strength. It has a flat, flat skull to a definite stop between the eyes, with muscular cheeks and a long, deep, strong muzzle. His ears were stabbed, small to medium and wide apart, with an inner cover. The eyes were long and dark, with a wary and sharp expression. The neck and shoulders are strong and muscular; the forelegs are straight and parallel; and round and curved legs, with small toes and sturdy.
Animal Dog breeds a standard state that it must have well-conditioned muscles, even when raised for companionship or show purposes, and that its appearance should be symmetrical and balanced, with no individual portion of the dog being exaggerated. It should not look smooth or impractical, as one characteristic limits the agility and endurance required for the worker's dog.
Size
The Australian Animal Cow Dog measures about 43-48 cm (17-19 inches) in the withers, and the male size is about 46-51 cm (18-20 inches) in the withers. The dog must be longer than the height, that is, the length of the body from the breastbone to the buttock is higher than the height at the withers, in a ratio of 10 to 9. Australian Cow Dogs in good condition weigh about 15-22 kilograms (33-49 pounds).
Coat and color
There are two fur colors received, red and blue, although chocolate and cream do occur. Blue dogs can be blue, blue-dotted, or blue-speckled with or without black, brown, or white markings. Red dogs are evenly spotted in dense red. Red dogs and blue dogs are born white (except for colored bodies or facial marks) and red or black hair grows as adults. The typical adult color is the result of black or red hair interspersed intimately through a white-dominated coat. This is not a merle color (a spotted effect that has health related problems), but the result of a ticking gene. A number of breeds exhibit ticking, which is the color through the white area, although its overall effect depends on other genes that will resize, shape and ticking density.
In addition to the main staining, Australian Beef Dogs feature some solid or nearly-solid color fillings. In red and blue dogs, the most common is a mask over one or both eyes, white to tail tip, solid place at the base of the tail, and sometimes dense point on the body, although this is not desirable in dogs. raised to show conformation. The blue dog can have a tan in the middle of the leg and extends forward to the breast and throat, with a tan on the jaw, and brown eyebrows. Both forms of color can have a white "star" on the forehead called "Bentley Mark", after the legendary dog ​​owned by Tom Bentley. Common color mistakes in Australian Cattle Dogs are black hairs in red-coated dogs, including extreme black saddles in red dogs, and vast plantings on the face and body in blue dogs, called "creeping". Livestock dogs have a double layer - protective straight shielded short hair is protective, keeping the elements of the dog's skin while the undercoat is short, smooth and solid.
The mask consists of a black patch on one or both eyes (for the color of a blue coat) or a red patch on one or both eyes (for the color of the red coat). Depending on whether one or both eyes have patches, these are called, respectively, "single" (or "half") masks and "double" (or "full") masks. Dogs without a mask are called flat-faced. All of these are acceptable according to breed standards. In conformity indicates, even the sign is preferred over uneven marks.
Tail
Standard breeds of Australian, American and Canadian club kennels determined that the Australian Cattle Dog must have a natural, long, and not stranded tail. Usually there will be a solid point of color at the base of the tail and the white tip. The tail should be set low enough, following the back slope. Should hang a little at rest, though a vibrant dog can carry his tail higher. The tail should have a reasonable level of brush.
In the United States, sometimes the tail is docked at its work. The tail is not anchored in Australia, and serves a useful purpose in improving agility and the ability to turn quickly. The Australian Cattle Dog is a different kind of Australian Stump Dog Cattle, a square-bodied dog born with a natural "bobo" tail. The Stumpy Tail resembles the Australian Cattle Dog, but has a higher and slimmer conformation. Sometimes it has a long thin natural tail, but most are born without a tail.
Temperament
Like many working dogs, Australian Animal Husband has a high energy level, an active mind, and a degree of independence. This breed is ranked 10th in Stanley Coren The Dog Intelligence , rated as one of the most intelligent dogs classified by obedience obedience commands. Cattle dogs need a lot of practice, friendship and work to do, so dogs that do not work may participate in dog sports, learning tricks, or other activities involving the body and mind.
While at home, the Australian Cattle Dog is a loving pet. However, it is reserved with people who do not know and are naturally cautious in new situations. His attitude to strangers makes him an excellent guard dog when trained for this task, and it can be socialized to become accustomed to various people from an early age as a family pet. It's good with older kids and attention, but will lead people by biting their heels, especially younger kids who run and scream. By the time the puppies are weaned, they should learn that the company is pleasant, and that responding to a person's gesture is beneficial. The bond that this breed can produce with its owner is strong and will make the dog feel protective of the owner, usually resulting in the dog never being too far from the owner's side. Australian Beef Dogs can be friendly companions although quick to respond to the emotions of their owners, and may defend them without waiting for orders. ACD was initially raised to move a reluctant cow by biting, and would bite if treated harshly. The Australian Australian Dog's protective nature and the tendency to bite the heels can be dangerous when the dog grows into adulthood if undesirable behavior is left uncontrollable.
While the Australian Cattle Dog generally works in silence, it will bark with alarm or to attract attention. It has a strong, high-pitched skin. Barking can be a sign of boredom or frustration, although research has shown that pet dogs increase their vocalizations when raised in a noisy environment. It responds well to familiar dogs, but when there are many dogs, making a sequence of powers can trigger aggression. This is not a descendant who lives in a backpack with another dog.
Data collected from the Council's report in New South Wales from April to June 2013, indicates that dogs identified as Australian Cattle Dogs are involved in 66 attacks, where attacks are defined as incidents in which dogs storm, bite, harass or pursue anyone or animals. Staffordshire Bull Terrier (155 attacks), German Shepherd (89) and American Staffordshire Terrier (88) were reportedly involved in more incidents. Expressed as a percentage of registered dogs, 0.1% Australian Cattle Dogs are involved in the attack. Data collected in 2011-2012 recorded ACD twenty-seven in incidents rated in percentage of registered dogs. A review of an incident in Melbourne where dogs bite, hurry or pursue a person or animal in a public space, finds that there are sixty breeds involved and the German Shepherd and the Shepherd Shepherd of Germany, and Australian Animal Husband and Animal Husband Cross accounted for 9% of the incidents. A survey of US breed member clubs shows that both dog-directed aggression and foreign-directed aggression are higher in ACD than the average of breeds studied, with dog-directed aggression becoming more common than two types of aggression. The American Temperament Test Society reported a 79.3% pass rate for the Australian Cattle Dog. The average graduation rate for all breeds was 80.4%.
Maps Australian Cattle Dog
As a pet
Caring
Known as "wash and wear" dogs, Australian Cattle Dogs require little maintenance, and the occasional brushing of teeth is all that is needed to keep the coat clean and odor-free. Even for the event rings it takes no more than wiping it with a damp cloth. This is not a shedder throughout the year but blowing its fur once a year (twice in case of intact women) and frequent brushing and a warm shower during this period will contain hair shedding. Like all dogs, regular attention to nails, ears, and teeth will help avoid health problems.
Training
In Katherine Buetow's guide to Australian Beef Dog, Ian Dunbar stated that while people think of dog training as teaching dogs to sit, talk and roll over, dogs already know how to do these things. Training, he said, involves teaching the dog that it is a good idea to do these things when a particular word or signal is given. He goes on to explain his belief that training is about opening a communication channel, so the dog knows what the handler wants to do, and knows that it will be worth it to do so. Consequences for dogs can be rewarded for doing what is required, as recommended by Dunbar, or correction where undesirable behavior is done. Like other work breeds, Australian Beef Dogs are intelligent and responsive; these two traits can be an advantage in training where a structured and varied program is used, but can lead to undesirable outcomes if the training is inconsistent, or repetitive and boring for the dog. The dog stock holder, Scott Lithgow recommends making game training for Animal Dogs learning that obedience leads to enjoyment. Many of the Wild Dogs' undesirable wild behavior: barking, chewing, chasing, digging, defending, and heel dropping. Training, therefore, involves helping dogs adopt lifestyles that may be very different from their declining ancestors. Australian Beef Dogs can be bargained, and respond well to training.
Activity
Australian Beef Dogs require high levels of physical activity. Like many other sheep breeds, the Cattle Dog has an active and fertile mind and if not given a job to do so will find its own activity. It will appreciate walking around the neighborhood, but it needs a structured activity that involves and challenges it, and regular interaction with its owner. While individual dogs have their own personality and abilities, the Australian Animal Breed breed is suitable for any activity that calls for athleticism, intelligence, and endurance.
The Kennel-sponsored grazing trials with various events match the driving capabilities of Cow Dogs and other upright breeds, while sheep dog experiments are more suited to "eye" breeds such as Border Collie and Australian Kelpie. His instincts and training ability are measured in non-competitive grazing tests, and basic commands are sometimes taught through herding games, where rules like "fixed," "understand" and "to do" are applied to pick up balls or pursue a broom.
The Australian Cattle Dog is developed for its ability to encourage livestock to be reluctant to travel long distances and may be the best breed in the world for this work. However, some working dog trainers have expressed concern that dogs raised for the show rings get too short in the legs and are too muscular in the body to do the work they initially grew up on.
Among the most popular activities for Australian Cattle Dogs are dog agility. This is perfect for navigating obstacles, because as a shepherd dog it is reactive to the handler's body language and is willing to work accurately at a distance from the handler. Agility has been used by Livestock Dog owners to instill confidence in their dogs, and improve their performance in training and competition.
Australian Beef Dogs are thriving on new changes and experiences, and many handlers find challenging breed training for this reason. An Australian Cattle Dog can excel in compliance competition. This will enjoy challenges, such as picking up scented articles, but breed-solving skills can lead them to find solutions to issues that the compliance judge does not need to appreciate. Obedient obedience offers more interaction with fewer owners and repeats than traditional compliance tests.
The Australian Cattle Dog has been successful in a variety of dog sports including load pullers, flyballs and schutzhund. This breed is perfect for activities that dogs can share with their owners such as canicross, dog disc, and skijoring or bikejoring. It is an effective hiking companion because of its natural endurance, lack of interest in hunting, and a preference for staying on the side of its owner. Most Australian Cattle Dogs love water and excellent swimmers. This is not a hyperactive breed, and once a person has done the exercises, he likes to lie on the owner's feet, or rest in a bed or casket while keeping the ears and eyes open for signs of delayed activity. The Australian Cattle Dog is an adaptable dog that can accept living conditions within the city or indoors, if the sport and its friendship needs are met.
Australian Beef Dogs can work in several ways. Cattle dogs are service dogs for persons with disabilities or therapeutic dogs, some work for customs agents in drug detection, some as police dogs, other haze haze animals, such as geese, for municipal or state agents, and some work as scat-dogs detecting, tracking endangered wildlife species.
Health and lifespan
Age
In a small sample of 11 dead dogs, Australian Cattle Dogs have an average lifespan of 11.7 years (maximum 15.9 years). A larger survey of 100 dead dogs resulted in an average longevity of 13.41 years with a standard deviation of 2.36 years. The average lifespan of breeds of the same size is between 11 and 13 years. There is an anecdotal report about the Cow Dog named Bluey, born in 1910 and living for 29.5 years, but the record has not been verified. Even if true, the age of recording Bluey should be considered more as an exception as usual than as an exceptionally common longevity indicator for all offspring. It remains, however, that Australian Beef Dogs are generally of a good age and seem to live on average almost a year longer than most other race dogs in the same heavyweight. Many breeds are still good and active at the age of 12 or 14, and some keep their eyesight, hearing and even teeth until their last days.
General health issues
Australian Animal Dogs carry reactive alleles of recessive alleles that produce white in fur and skin and are associated with innate hereditary deafness, although it is possible that there are multiple genes for deafness in dogs with piebald pigment genes. About 2.4% of Cattle Dogs in one study were found to be deaf in both ears and 14.5% of hearing impaired in at least one ear.
The Australian Cattle Dog is one of the breeds of dogs exposed to progressive retinal atrophy. It has the most common form, progressive stem-degeneration (PRCD), a condition that causes the stems and cones in the retina of the eye to worsen in the future, resulting in blindness. PRCD is an autosomal recessive trait and dogs can be carriers of affected genes without developing the condition.
Hip dysplasia is not common in breeds, although it is quite common for many breeders to have stock of breeding tested. Livestock Dogs have a number of inherited conditions, but most are not common. Hereditary polioencephalomyelopathy from Australian Cattle Dogs is a very rare condition caused by inherited biochemical defects. Dogs identified with conditions are completely paralyzed in their first year. Based on a sample of 69 surviving dogs, the most common health problems noted by the owners are musculoskeletal (spondylosis, elbow dysplasia, and arthritis) and reproduction (pyometra, infertility, and false pregnancy), and blindness. A study of dogs diagnosed at the College of Veterinary Medicine in the United States and Canada over a period of thirty years describes fractures, lamas and ligaments ruptured because of the most common conditions in Australian Dog Cattle being treated.
History
In Australia
George Hall and his family arrived at the Colony of New South Wales in 1802. In 1825, Halls had built two cattle ranches in the Upper Hunter Valley, and had started expanding northward to Liverpool Plains, New England and Queensland. Getting her cattle into the Sydney market posed a problem in which thousands of heads of cattle had to be moved thousands of kilometers along road routes that did not run through sometimes rough and mountainous bushes. A note, in his own writing, recorded the anger of Thomas Hall for losing 200 heads in a scrub.
Droving dogs are required, but the colonial workers' dogs are understood to have been of the English Old Sheepdog type, often referred to as Smithfields. The descendants of these dogs still exist, but only useful short distances and for page work with domesticated animals. Thomas Hall discussed the issue by importing some of the dogs used by drovers in Northumberland, home to his parents. At that time dogs are generally described by their work, regardless of whether they are the kind that is currently understood. In the way of time, Hall's family historian, A. J. Howard, gave these blue-speckled dogs the name: Northumberland Blue Merle Drovers Dog.
Thomas Hall crossed his Drovers Dog with a dorado he had tamed, and in 1840 was satisfied with the offspring he produced. For the next thirty years, Halls Heelers, once they were known, were only used by the Hall. Given that they depend on dogs, which gives them an advantage over other breeders, it is understandable that dogs are not distributed outside the Hall property. It was not until after the death of Thomas Hall in 1870, when the property went to an auction with shares in them, that Halls Heelers became freely available.
In the 1890s, dogs have attracted the attention of the Sydney Animal Dog Club, a group of people with a renowned interest in new practices to show dogs competitively. Nobody works at the cattle pens every day, and at first they are attracted to a variety of worker dogs, including Smithfield. They reportedly adopted the term "Australian Animal Dog" to refer to dogs raised from the lineage originating from Thomas Hall's "heel", and prominent group members concentrated on breeding these lines. Of the breeders, the Bagust family is the most influential. Robert Kaleski, from Moorebank, a young fellow of Harry Bagust, writes "in 1893 when I got rid of my crossbreeding cattle dogs and picked up the blues, the breeders of the latter had begun to breed... to improve the type. they are on the lines ". The first breed standard for this type of Animal Dog was published, with photographs, by the Department of Agriculture of New South Wales in 1903.
The Kaleski standard was adopted by breed clubs in Queensland and New South Wales and was reissued as their own, with local changes. His writings from 1910 provide important insights into the early history of the breed. However, dog breeder and writer Noreen Clark has noted that his opinion is sometimes only that, and he introduces some contradictory statements in his later writings, as well as some unreasonable assumptions in the light of modern science. Some of them have survived; for example he sees red shapes have more dingo in them than blue shapes, and there is a persistent belief that red is more vicious than blues. Kaleski's most enduring myths are associated with Dalmatian and Kelpie infusions into early Cow Dog breeds. This infusion was not mentioned in Kaleski's writings until the 1920s and it seems that Kaleski tried to explain the color of Cow dots and spots on the feet with resemblance to Dalmatian and Kelpie, respectively. Fur color genetics, and understanding current hereditary characteristics, make Dalmatian infusion increase the tolerance of cattle dogs against horses as a highly unlikely event. There were relatively few motor vehicles in Australia at the beginning of the 20th century, so most dogs of any type would get used to horses. The Kelpie type was developed after the type of Animal Dog described, so the infusion was not possible. It is possible that there are some Bull Terrier infusions but no verifiable record on this subject, and the Cow Dog does not have the instinct of the Bull Terrier to bite and hold, which would be an undesirable trait. In the early 1900s there were many battles among members of the Cattle Dog Club, and a series of arguments about the origins of the breed appeared in the newspapers and journals of the time. While many of these arguments are misleading, some are irrational, and the majority are not supported by historical facts, they continue to circulate, producing a number of theories about the origin of the breed. In recent years, information technology enabling the manipulation of large databases combined with advances in dog genetic understanding has enabled a clearer understanding of the development of breeds.
Through the 1890s, a row of Halls Heeler Animal Dogs was seen in the cages showing off Queensland dog breeders like William Byrne from Booval, and this is a different population than shown in New South Wales. Little Logic was raised in Rockdale, New South Wales, but Sydney exhibitors saw Little Logic for the first time after the dog was added to Hillview's Arch enclosure Bevis in Brisbane. Little Logic event footage and their descendants created a demand in New South Wales for Queensland dogs. In the late 1950s, there were some whipped Australian Animal Dogs who were not descended from Little Logic and his most famous son Logic Return. The success and popularity of these dogs led to the growth of the nickname "Queensland Heeler".
The advantages of Little Logic and Logic Return in the modern Australian Animal Husbandry lineage are immortalized by Wooleston Kennels. For about twenty years, Wooleston provides the foundations and stock of additional breeding for breeders in Australia, North America, and the Continent. Consequently, Wooleston Blue Jack is an ancestor of most, if not all, Australian Cattle Dogs whacked since 1990 in any country.
In the United States
In the 1940s, Alan McNiven, a veterinarian in Sydney, introduced Dingo, Kelpie, German Shepherd, and Kangaroo Hound into his breeding program; However, the Royal Agricultural Society Kennel Club (RASKC) will not register a cross breed as the Australian Cattle Dog, although McNiven argues that they are correct for conformation, color and temperament. McNiven responded by giving his children registration papers from dead dogs, and consequently removed from RASKC and all of his dogs were removed from the registry. Meanwhile, Greg Lougher, a Napa, California cattle rancher who met Alan McNiven when stationed in Australia during World War II, has imported several adults and several small children from McNiven. After de-registration, McNiven continues to export his "repaired" dogs to the United States. Many US troops stationed in Queensland or NSW during the War discovered the Australian Cattle Dog and took one home when they returned.
In the late 1950s a vet in Santa Rosa, California, Jack Woolsey, was introduced to the Lougher dogs. Together with his colleagues, he bought some dogs and began to breed them. Breeders advertise dogs in Western Horsemen stating that they are guaranteed to work and call them Queensland Heelers. Woolsey imported some Australian cattle to be added to breeding programs, including Oaklea Blue Ace , Glen Iris Boomerang and some of Glen Iris's prostitutes. The Register of National Butler Dogs, Indiana, lists the breeds, assigns an American number without reference to Australian registration.
Australian Beef Dogs have been classified in the "various" categories of the American Kennel Club (AKC) since the 1930s; to gain full recognition of the breed, the AKC requires that the National Breed Parent Club be organized for the promotion and protection of breeds. In 1967, Esther Ekman met with Chris Smith-Risk on the AKC show, and both fell into the conversation about their Australian Cattle Dog and the process of forming the mother club to breed. In 1969, the new club had 12 members and was officially applied to the AKC for instruction. One of the requirements is that Clubs should start storing their own registry to breed and that all dogs in the registry should be an extension of the Australian registry, retracing it to registered dogs in Australia. AKC Parent Club members began researching their dogs, including exchanging correspondence with McNiven, and found that some of them had dogs that could be traced back to the dogs registered in Australia. AKC took over the club registration in 1979 and the breed was fully recognized in September 1980. The Australian Dog Dogs of the United States are still active in promoting breeds and breed standard maintenance. The National Register of Dog Stocks continues to recognize Animal Dogs without the prerequisite link to registered Australian dogs, provided that any dogs from an unknown family presented for registration will be listed as "American Cattle Dogs", and others will still be listed as "Australian Cattle Dogs ".
In Canada
This breed received official recognition from the Canadian Kennel Club in January 1980 after five years collecting pedigrees, gathering support, and lobbying officials by two breeders and fans. A small number of Australian Beef Dogs in Canada at that time mainly worked on farms and farms spread over long distances. However, clubs breed beginners held conformational shows, obedience and agility competitions, and enter their dogs in sports including flyball and lure. At the end of 1980, Landmaster Carina was named Australia's First Canary Dog in Canada for a degree of conformation and obedience.
In the United Kingdom
The first Australian Beef listed to arrive in England were two blue puppies, Lenthal Flinton and Lenthal Darlot, followed in 1980 by Landmaster Darling Red > at whelp. Landmaster Darling Red was imported by John and Mary Holmes, and proved to be an incredible prostitute. Over the next few years, the Additional Goat Dogs arrived in Britain from the Netherlands, Kenya, Germany and Australia, although before the relaxation of rules on artificial insemination, the British gene pool was limited. In 1985, the Australian Animal Dogs Association was formed and officially recognized by the Kennel Club; before this they had to compete in the category "Every Variety Is Not Separated Separately". The Australian Beef Dog successfully competed in obedience and experimental work in England during the 1980s.
Cross breed
The Texas Heeler is a cross between Australian Cattle Dog and Australian Shepherd first enrolled at the Animal Research Foundation (ARF) in 1970. ARF has listed the Australian Cattle Dogs without documents as "Australian Cattledog Queensland Heelers" since 1965 and the first organization to recognize Shepherd Australia. Though initially raised for his ability to work cattle, Texas Heeler is increasingly used as a pet and companion in dog sports. Like most breeds, Texas Heeler's size and appearance is a variable combination of the mother breed.
Note
References
Bibliography
External links
- Australian Beef Dog in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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